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Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion rooted in the belief in a single, all-powerful God who entered into a covenantal relationship with the people of Israel. The Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh, serves as the foundational text for Judaism and contains the religious laws, historical narratives, wisdom literature, and prophetic writings that guide Jewish practice and belief. Judaism emphasizes ethical behavior, social justice, and community worship. Its adherents follow a set of commandments and rituals that include observing the Sabbath, practicing circumcision, celebrating holidays such as Passover, Hanukkah, and Rosh Hashanah, and engaging in daily prayer. Synagogues serve as central gathering places for Jewish worship and study, and rabbis play a crucial role in interpreting religious law and guiding the community. As a religion that predates Christianity and Islam, Judaism has had a profound influence on Western civilization and continues to shape contemporary debates about morality, ethics, and spirituality. The Jewish people's historical experiences of persecution, exile, and survival have also informed their religious traditions and identity, giving rise to a rich cultural heritage that includes literature, music, art, and philosophy. Judaism fits into the hierarchy as a distinct religion that falls under the broader category of monotheistic religions that share a belief in a single deity. The Hebrew Bible serves as a key text for Judaism, linking it to the larger category of religions that are centered around this sacred text. As such, Judaism represents an important branch of the monotheistic tradition that has contributed significantly to the development of Western culture and civilization.