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Electronics encompasses an expansive domain concerned with intricate systems and devices capable of controlling, transmitting, receiving, or processing information via electric signals. The term electronics is derived from the word "electron," which refers to negatively charged particles that constitute atoms alongside protons and neutrons. Electronic components are building blocks of electronic systems and include various fundamental elements such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits (ICs). These components can be combined in diverse ways to generate an array of sophisticated devices that facilitate numerous applications across multiple industries. Electronic systems span a wide range of products and technologies, including computers, smartphones, televisions, digital cameras, audio equipment, medical devices, automotive systems, and industrial machinery. The functionality of electronic systems is contingent on the integration of several components and subsystems that work in unison to execute specific tasks. Electronics has become an integral part of modern life, transforming various aspects of human existence through enhanced communication, entertainment, productivity, healthcare, transportation, and security. The field of electronics continues to evolve at a rapid pace, driven by technological advancements, research breakthroughs, and innovative applications that shape the future of this dynamic domain.