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Judaism is a monotheistic religion centered on the belief in a single, transcendent God who is the creator and ruler of the universe. It has its roots in the ancient Near East and is based on the teachings of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and subsequent rabbinic traditions. As a subcategory under Monotheism, Judaism shares the core belief in one God with other monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam. However, it has unique practices, customs, and beliefs that distinguish it from these other religions. For example, Judaism places a strong emphasis on observing religious laws and rituals, maintaining Jewish identity through dietary restrictions (kashrut), practicing Sabbath observance, and participating in Jewish life-cycle events. In contrast to Agnosticism, which questions the existence of God or the ability to know anything about God's existence, Judaism affirms the belief in a personal God who is active in the world and has entered into a covenant with the people of Israel. Compared to Paganism, which often involves the worship of multiple gods or goddesses and the veneration of natural forces, Judaism focuses on the worship of one God who is separate from nature but interacts with it. Overall, Judaism is a distinct religious tradition that falls under the broader category of Monotheism, and has its own unique beliefs, practices, and customs.