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Naturalism is a philosophical belief system that posits that everything in the universe, including humans and their consciousness, can be explained by natural causes and laws. It rejects supernatural explanations for phenomena, instead favoring empirical, scientific evidence. Naturalism encompasses various perspectives on religion, ranging from atheism, which denies the existence of a higher power or deity, to more nuanced views that see religious experiences as emerging from natural processes rather than divine intervention. Naturalists argue that our understanding of the world is shaped by our experiences and observations, and that there is no need to invoke supernatural forces to explain the workings of the universe.