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Molecular biology is the study of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins that are involved in the processes of replication, transcription, translation, and cell function. It investigates how these molecules interact within cells to perform various biological functions and maintain life. In the context of nanomedicine, molecular biology plays a crucial role in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diseases at the genetic and protein levels, which is essential for designing and developing targeted therapeutic strategies using nanotechnology. This includes the use of nanoparticles to deliver drugs specifically to diseased cells or tissues, manipulate gene expression, or monitor disease progression and treatment response. By harnessing the principles and techniques of molecular biology, nanomedicine can improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and facilitate personalized medicine.