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Molecular Biology is the branch of biology concerned with the structure, function, and interactions of biological macromolecules, particularly proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. It seeks to explain how these molecules give rise to the complex processes and functions of organisms, from basic metabolic pathways to intricate systems of gene regulation and expression. As a subdiscipline of chemistry, molecular biology draws heavily on chemical principles and techniques, including biochemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry, to understand the behavior and properties of biological molecules. Moreover, as a field at the intersection of science, biotechnology, and chemistry, molecular biology has wide-ranging applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry, from developing new drugs and therapies to engineering microbes for environmental remediation and biofuel production.