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Elephants are large mammals belonging to the family Elephantidae, under the order Proboscidea. They are native to Africa and Asia, with two extant species: the African bush elephant and the Asian elephant. Known for their distinctive long trunks or proboscises, they are the largest land animals currently living on Earth. Elephants exhibit complex social structures, characterized by matriarchal family groups. They have a keen sense of smell and hearing, with poor eyesight. Their diet mainly consists of grasses, leaves, bamboo, bark, and fruits. Elephants play an essential role in shaping their habitats through trampling, feeding, and creating waterholes. They are known for their intelligence and strong memory, displaying behaviors such as grief, learning, allomothering, mimicry, play, altruism, use of tools, compassion, cooperation, and self-awareness. Despite their importance in ecosystems and cultural significance, elephants face numerous threats from habitat loss, poaching for ivory, and human-elephant conflicts, leading to their conservation status as vulnerable (African bush elephant) and endangered (Asian elephant).