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Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emerged as a result of the Reformation in the 16th century. It emphasizes the belief in the Bible as the ultimate authority for faith and practice, and rejects certain traditions and practices that were established by the Roman Catholic Church. Protestants believe in the triune God - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - who is the only God, and they affirm that salvation comes through faith alone in Jesus Christ, who is the Son of God and the second person of the Trinity. Protestantism encompasses a wide variety of denominations, including Lutheran, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Pentecostal, among others. Despite their differences, these denominations share a common belief in the authority of Scripture, the centrality of faith in Christ for salvation, and the priesthood of all believers. As a branch of Christianity, Protestantism fits into the broader category of monotheistic religions, which believe in one God who is distinct from his creation. Within this category, Protestantism falls under the subcategory of monotheistic religions that are based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Apostles, which is known as Christianity. As such, Protestantism affirms the beliefs and practices that are common to all Christians, while also emphasizing its unique perspectives and practices.