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Geology is the scientific study of the Earth's solid materials and processes that shape them. It examines the composition, structure, and history of the planet's rocks, minerals, soils, and other forms of matter, as well as the physical forces at work within and on its surface. As a field within Earth Science, Geology encompasses Volcanology, which specifically investigates volcanic phenomena, including magma composition, eruption dynamics, and associated hazards. However, Geology's scope extends far beyond just volcanoes, delving into the formation and alteration of rocks through geologic time, plate tectonics, natural resources, environmental issues, and more. By examining the physical science behind these Earth systems, Geology uncovers vital insights about our planet's past, present, and future.