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Geology, as a field of study within Marine Biology, focuses on the Earth's physical structure and substance, particularly as it pertains to the ocean floor and the processes that shape it. It encompasses the examination of rock formations, mineral deposits, and the movement of tectonic plates beneath the sea. Geologists in this context may study the geological history of oceans, the formation of underwater mountains and valleys, and the impact of seismic activity on marine ecosystems. This discipline is closely related to Environmental Science, as it also involves understanding how the Earth's processes affect life and habitats, and to Science more broadly due to its foundational role in explaining natural phenomena.