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Ecology studies the relationships and interactions among organisms and their physical environment, encompassing both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In the context of Marine Biology, ecologists investigate the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of marine populations and communities, as well as the factors influencing these patterns. They explore various ecosystems such as coral reefs, estuaries, and open ocean environments, shedding light on the complex food webs, symbiotic relationships, and biogeochemical cycles that characterize these systems. Research in marine ecology contributes significantly to our understanding of climate change impacts, fisheries management, and conservation efforts.