Learning Disabilities

Definition of Learning Disabilities as it relates to Education, Special Education, Foreign Language Education

"Learning Disabilities" refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities. These disorders are intrinsic to the individual and presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction. Even though a learning disability may occur concomitantly with other handicapping conditions (e.g., sensory impairment, mental retardation, social and emotional disturbance) or environmental influences (e.g., cultural differences, insufficient/inappropriate instruction), they are not the result of those conditions or influences. The term "learning disabilities" does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities; intellectual disability; emotional disturbance; or environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage. A child with a learning disability exhibits one or more of the following characteristics: difficulty in understanding or using spoken language; difficulty in listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or calculating; difficulty in organizing thoughts, information, or materials; difficulty with sequential processing; difficulty with perceptual motor tasks. Special education and related services may be necessary to help individuals with learning disabilities achieve their potential by providing accommodations and modifications that allow them to access the general curriculum and meet academic standards. This can include specialized instruction in reading, writing, or math, as well as other supports such as speech-language therapy or occupational therapy. Foreign language education can also be adapted for students with learning disabilities, allowing them to participate in language learning alongside their typically developing peers. Overall, individuals with learning disabilities require a comprehensive approach to education that addresses both their unique challenges and strengths.

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