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Fauvism is an avant-garde movement in early 20th century art, characterized by its bold use of color and expressive brushwork. It emerged in France around 1904-1905, led by artists such as Henri Matisse and André Derain. Fauvist works often feature distorted forms and intense, non-naturalistic hues, aimed at conveying the emotional response of the artist to their subject matter rather than naturalistic representation. The movement was short-lived but influential, paving the way for Expressionism and other modern art movements that prioritize subjective expression over objective reality.