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Surrealism is an avant-garde cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, primarily in Europe, as an artistic rebellion against rational thought. It sought to challenge traditional perceptions of reality by exploring the irrational mind and the dream world through various forms of art, literature, and film. Surrealist artists often used unexpected juxtapositions, illogical scenarios, and distorted perspectives to create a sense of disorientation and evoke powerful emotions in the viewer. They experimented with techniques such as automatism, collage, and frottage to break away from conventional artistic practices and tap into the subconscious mind. Surrealism has had a lasting impact on modern and contemporary art, influencing movements like Pop Art and Conceptual Art, and continues to inspire artists today.