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Virology is the study of viruses, their classification, and their effects on living organisms. Viruses are unique in that they require a host cell to replicate, making them both intracellular parasites and obligate parasites. They can infect all forms of life, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea. In the hierarchy of Science, Life Science, Botany, and Microbiology, Virology falls under the category of Microbiology. It is a specialized field that focuses on the smallest biological entities known to cause disease. While viruses were once considered non-living, they are now recognized as a unique form of life due to their ability to evolve and replicate. Virologists study the structure and function of viruses, their mechanisms of infection and replication, and their interactions with host cells. They also investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of virus-associated diseases, as well as develop antiviral drugs and vaccines to prevent or treat viral infections. Overall, Virology is a critical area of study within Microbiology that has far-reaching implications for human and animal health, agriculture, and the environment. Its position under Microbiology highlights its focus on microscopic organisms and their impact on living systems.