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Jainism is an ancient Indian religion founded by Mahavira, who lived in the 6th century BCE. It emphasizes non-violence and asceticism, teaching that self-control and spiritual development can lead to liberation of the soul from the cycle of rebirth. Jains follow strict ethical guidelines, such as avoiding harm to all living beings and practicing self-discipline in thought, word, and deed. They believe in a dualistic universe consisting of matter (pudgala) and spirit (jiva), and maintain that the ultimate goal is to attain moksha, or liberation, through spiritual practices and moral conduct. Jainism has had a profound influence on Indian culture and philosophy, shaping its art, literature, and social structures. Its teachings on non-violence and compassion continue to be relevant in today's world.