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Physiology is the scientific study of how living organisms function, both at the level of individual cells and tissues as well as entire systems and organs. It encompasses the investigation of various biological processes such as metabolism, respiration, circulation, excretion, growth, reproduction, and sensory perception. In the context of animals and mammals specifically, physiology explores the unique characteristics and functions that distinguish these groups from other organisms. For example, mammalian physiology includes the study of lactation, hair growth, and the four-chambered heart, while animal physiology encompasses a broader range of species and their adaptations to various environments. Hyraxes, a group of small, herbivorous mammals, have unique physiological features that allow them to thrive in rocky habitats. For instance, their specialized kidneys enable them to conserve water and produce highly concentrated urine, making them well-suited to arid environments. Additionally, hyraxes have a complex social structure and exhibit sophisticated communication behaviors, which are also subjects of physiological investigation. Overall, physiology is the scientific exploration of how living organisms function at various levels, with a focus on understanding the unique adaptations and processes that distinguish different species and groups.