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Marine biology is the scientific exploration of ocean ecosystems and organisms, encompassing their behavior, physiology, evolution, distribution, and interactions with the environment. As part of Earth science, marine biology investigates the complex interplay between living creatures and their geological habitats, including abiotic factors such as temperature, pressure, salinity, and light levels. By studying marine life in this context, researchers aim to enhance our understanding of biodiversity, ecological processes, and environmental changes within Earth's oceans. Marine biology also contributes significantly to medicine, with many marine organisms serving as sources for novel pharmaceuticals, bioactive compounds, and gene-editing technologies.