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Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems formed by calcium carbonate secretions from tiny marine animals called corals. They are often referred to as "rainforests of the sea" due to their rich biodiversity, providing habitat for numerous marine species, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and various types of algae. Coral reefs contribute significantly to marine ecosystems and overall marine life by offering protection, spawning grounds, and food sources. Their intricate structures serve as barriers against coastal erosion and storm surges, helping maintain the stability of marine ecosystems within their vicinity. In the context of marine ecosystem biodiversity, coral reefs represent a critical component, with complex interdependencies among various organisms fostering resilience and adaptability in these unique environments.