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Catholicism, as pertaining to the cultural contexts of medieval Western Europe and European culture more broadly, refers to the religious beliefs, practices, and institutions centered around the Roman Catholic Church. This encompasses not only doctrinal teachings and sacramental worship but also the shaping of societal norms, values, and worldviews through the influence of Catholicism on various aspects of culture such as art, literature, education, law, and politics. Catholicism in this context is characterized by its hierarchical structure, its emphasis on apostolic succession, and its distinctive theological emphases, such as the veneration of saints, the use of sacramentals, and the belief in transubstantiation. Historically, Catholicism has played a significant role in shaping the cultural identity of Western Europe and continues to be an important force in contemporary European culture.