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Population Genetics studies genetic variation within populations and how it changes over time due to evolutionary forces such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. It examines the distribution and frequency of alleles and genotypes in populations, and how they are influenced by these processes. This field applies principles from both genetics and statistics, using mathematical models to make predictions about population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. By understanding the patterns and mechanisms of genetic variation within populations, researchers can gain insights into the evolutionary history of species, their adaptive potential, and the impact of human activities on biodiversity. Population Genetics thus serves as a critical bridge between genetics, evolution, and ecology, providing a framework for studying how genetic diversity arises, is maintained, and changes in response to environmental pressures.