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Penguins are flightless birds renowned for their distinctive waddle and adaptability to aquatic habitats, making them popular zoo animals. They exhibit an array of fascinating features, such as streamlined bodies for efficient swimming, waterproof feathers, and specialized beaks that vary depending on their dietary preferences. Notably, they are native to the Southern Hemisphere, inhabiting diverse regions like Antarctica, New Zealand, and South America's coastlines. The 18 identified species display remarkable variations in size, coloration, and behavior. Some penguins engage in long-distance migrations, while others remain more sedentary. Despite their association with cold environments, some penguin populations thrive in temperate climates, forming tight-knit colonies during breeding seasons. Penguins are an essential component of marine ecosystems as both predators and prey, contributing to the balance of underwater food chains.