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Penguins are flightless birds native to the Southern Hemisphere, primarily residing in Antarctica and its surrounding islands. They are well-adapted to aquatic life, with streamlined bodies and flipper-like wings that enable them to swim swiftly underwater in search of prey such as fish and krill. Penguins are also known for their distinctive waddling walk, which is a result of their short legs and long torso. They have a unique breeding behavior where they form large colonies on land and engage in elaborate courtship rituals. Penguins come in various sizes and colors, depending on the species, with some being as small as 16 inches tall and others reaching up to 4 feet. Despite their popularity in zoos and media, penguins face numerous threats from climate change, pollution, and overfishing, leading to a decline in their populations.