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Wolves are highly social mammals belonging to the Canidae family and the genus Canis. They typically inhabit forested, mountainous, and arctic environments in various regions across North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Wolves live in packs that consist of an alpha pair, their offspring, and sometimes unrelated members. These apex predators are known for their keen senses, sharp teeth, strong jaws, and agility. They communicate through vocalizations like howls, barks, growls, whimpers, and body language to maintain social bonds, mark territory, and coordinate hunting strategies. Wolves primarily prey on ungulates such as deer, elk, moose, and wild boar, but they also consume smaller mammals, birds, fish, and even fruit when available. Their reproductive cycle begins in late winter when alpha females give birth to a litter of 4-6 pups in a den. Wolves play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystems by controlling populations of other animals and contributing to nutrient cycling through scavenging and decomposition. Despite facing numerous threats from human activities, habitat loss, and disease, wolves remain an essential and iconic species in global biodiversity.