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Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more common in a population over generations due to those traits providing a survival or reproductive advantage. It is a fundamental mechanism of evolution, where genetic variations that enhance an organism's ability to adapt to its environment are passed on to subsequent generations at higher rates than less advantageous traits. In the context of Earth science, natural selection plays a critical role in shaping the diversity and distribution of life on our planet. As part of the ecological system, it drives interactions between organisms and their environment, leading to complex relationships and food webs. Through this process, species evolve over time, contributing to the richness and dynamism of Earth's biosphere.