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Nuclear physics, situated within the chemistry realm of the science and nanotechnology hierarchy, involves the study of atomic nuclei's structure, behavior, and properties. It delves into understanding nuclear forces, radioactivity, nuclear decay, fusion, and fission processes. Nuclear chemists apply these principles to manipulate and control nuclear reactions for energy generation, medical imaging, and radiation therapy, among other applications. This subfield also intersects with nanotechnology when investigating the role of nuclei in nanoscopic systems or devices, uncovering unique phenomena at the atomic level that can be harnessed for innovative technologies.