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Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression and function that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can result from various factors such as environmental exposure, aging, and disease states. In the context of genetic engineering, epigenetics plays an important role in understanding how genes are regulated and expressed in different cells and tissues, and how these processes can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes. Epigenetic modifications can also impact the stability and inheritance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), making it a critical consideration in the development and regulation of GMOs. Overall, epigenetics represents an exciting area of research that has the potential to shed light on fundamental biological processes and inform the design of novel therapeutic strategies for a range of diseases.