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Photosynthesis is the process by which chloroplasts, organelles found in plant cells and some protists, convert light energy into chemical energy through the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. In the context of genetics, photosynthesis can be affected by mutations in the genes encoding for proteins involved in the process, which can result in altered plant growth and development. As a subprocess under chloroplasts within the field of science and genetics, photosynthesis plays a crucial role in maintaining the Earth's oxygen levels and in providing food and energy for many organisms.