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Synaptic plasticity refers to the brain's ability to modify and strengthen the connections between neurons, enabling learning and memory formation. It is a fundamental process in brain function and underpins many aspects of cognition and behavior. Synaptic plasticity occurs through various mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which involve changes in the strength and number of synapses between neurons. These processes are influenced by factors such as neural activity, neurotransmitters, and gene expression, and they contribute to the brain's remarkable capacity for adaptation and learning. As a subcategory of brain function, synaptic plasticity highlights the dynamic nature of neural connections and their role in information processing, behavior, and cognition. It is an essential area of study within neuroscience that sheds light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory.