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Cubism is an avant-garde art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, characterized by its departure from traditional perspective and representation. It was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who sought to depict subjects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously, thereby challenging the notion of a single objective reality. This fragmentation and distortion of form resulted in a complex interplay of geometric shapes, which became a hallmark of the style. Cubism had a profound impact on modern art, influencing movements such as Futurism, Constructivism, and Dada. It also challenged conventional notions of beauty and representation, paving the way for new forms of artistic expression.