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Modern Philosophy refers to the period of philosophical thought that emerged in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, following the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. It is characterized by a focus on reason, skepticism, and individualism, as well as a departure from traditional religious and metaphysical beliefs. Key figures in modern philosophy include René Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant, who sought to explore concepts such as the nature of reality, the existence of God, the limits of human knowledge, and the foundations of ethics and morality. This period marked a shift towards a more empirical and rational approach to understanding the world and human experience.