Luminescences
Luminescences refer to the emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat, but rather from chemical reactions, electrical energy, or other processes. This phenomenon can manifest in various forms, including fluorescence, phosphorescence, and bioluminescence, each characterized by distinct mechanisms and properties. Luminescent materials are utilized in a range of applications, such as in lighting, displays, sensors, and biological imaging, due to their unique optical properties and ability to emit light in a controlled manner.