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Routers are electronic devices used in computer networks to direct data traffic between different devices and networks. They function as intermediaries, connecting multiple systems such as computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles, and other network-enabled devices within a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model, typically using either the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) or version 6 (IPv6) to route data packets. They use routing tables, protocols, and algorithms to determine the best path for data transmission, ensuring efficient and secure communication between devices. In addition to basic connectivity, routers often provide advanced features such as firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), quality of service (QoS) management, and parental controls. These capabilities make routers an essential component in securing and managing modern computer networks, both at home and in enterprise environments. Routers come in various forms and sizes, ranging from compact, consumer-grade devices meant for home use to robust, high-performance units designed for large-scale business applications. Regardless of their specific application, routers serve as the backbone of computer networks, enabling seamless communication and data exchange among interconnected devices.