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Bug reporting is a systematic process for identifying, recording, and analyzing software defects during the development lifecycle. It plays a crucial role in ensuring software quality by allowing developers to document, prioritize, and address issues effectively. As part of software change management, it enables teams to track bugs throughout their resolution, fostering transparency and accountability. By integrating bug reporting with version control systems, teams can correlate code changes with specific bugs, facilitating robust debugging and efficient problem-solving. This process promotes continuous improvement in software products by providing actionable insights for future development iterations.