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Geodesy, as part of the Geology hierarchy within Physical Science and Science, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and understanding of the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravity field. It involves the study of the Earth's size, shape, and gravity variations to understand the planet's internal structure and its dynamic processes. Geodesists use sophisticated techniques such as satellite-based positioning systems, leveling networks, and gravimetric measurements to gather data about the Earth's surface and interior. This information is essential for a wide range of applications, including mapping, navigation, natural resource exploration, and environmental monitoring. By studying the Earth's geometry, geodesists contribute to our understanding of tectonic plate movements, sea level changes, and other phenomena related to the planet's evolution and dynamics.