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Molecular Neurobiology investigates how the brain functions at the molecular level, examining fundamental cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, protein synthesis, signaling pathways, and neurotransmitter systems. It elucidates the intricate interplay between genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping neural circuitry and behavior. Research in this area bridges the gap between molecular mechanisms and higher-order brain functions, unraveling the complex regulatory networks that underlie cognition, emotion, and memory. By delving into the molecular underpinnings of neurobiological processes, scientists can develop a deeper understanding of neurological disorders and identify novel therapeutic targets for their treatment.