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Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms using molecular data, such as DNA sequences and protein structures. In the context of population genetics, phylogenetics can be used to understand how populations have diverged over time and how they are related to each other. This field combines principles from genetics, biology, mathematics, and computer science to construct and analyze phylogenetic trees that illustrate evolutionary relationships. By using molecular data, phylogenetic analyses can provide insights into the historical patterns of genetic variation within and among populations, contributing to our understanding of the processes that shape genetic diversity in natural systems. In this way, phylogenetics is a crucial tool for studying the dynamics of genetic change over time, and it plays an important role in advancing our knowledge of evolutionary biology.