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Plankton refers to the diverse assemblage of drifting organisms found throughout aquatic environments, encompassing both marine and freshwater ecosystems. These organisms are unable to actively swim against currents due to their diminutive size or lack of efficient propulsion mechanisms, thus they predominantly inhabit surface waters where sunlight penetration fosters photosynthesis. Planktonic communities are categorized into two primary groups: phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton, also known as microalgae, constitute the autotrophic component responsible for producing organic matter through photosynthesis, thereby forming the base of the aquatic food web. Zooplankton, on the other hand, are heterotrophic organisms that consume phytoplankton and other zooplankton species, occupying various trophic levels within the marine ecosystem. Collectively, plankton play a pivotal role in global biogeochemical cycles, contributing significantly to carbon fixation, oxygen production, and nutrient recycling. Moreover, they serve as essential food sources for numerous marine animals, including fish, crustaceans, and even marine birds. Despite their microscopic nature, plankton exert profound influences on Earth's climate and biosphere, underscoring the importance of understanding and preserving these delicate ecosystems.