Substitution Reactions
Substitution Reactions involve the exchange of one functional group or atom for another in a chemical compound. This type of reaction typically occurs when a reactant molecule replaces a functional group or atom in a substrate molecule. Substitution reactions can be classified as either nucleophilic or electrophilic, depending on the nature of the attacking species. In nucleophilic substitution, a nucleophile attacks an electron-deficient substrate, while in electrophilic substitution, an electrophile attacks an electron-rich substrate. Substitution reactions are important in organic chemistry for synthesizing new compounds and modifying existing ones.