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A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the Earth, blocking out the sunlight and casting a shadow on the Earth's surface. This phenomenon can be either total, partial, or annular, depending on the alignment of the sun, moon, and Earth. During a total solar eclipse, the sun is completely obscured by the moon, creating a brief period of darkness known as totality. Solar eclipses are rare events that captivate observers around the world due to their dramatic and awe-inspiring display of celestial mechanics.