Photomultipliers
Photomultipliers are light sensors that detect and amplify weak light signals. They consist of a vacuum tube with a photocathode that emits electrons when exposed to light. These electrons are then multiplied through a series of dynodes, creating a cascade effect that results in a highly amplified output signal. Photomultipliers are commonly used in applications such as particle physics, astronomy, and medical imaging, where detecting low levels of light is crucial.