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Middle English refers to the stage of the English language used from the late 11th century to the late 15th century. It was a period of transition between Old English and Modern English, characterized by significant changes in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Middle English texts include works such as the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. This period saw the influence of French and Latin on the English language due to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.