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Medieval architecture refers to the architectural styles and techniques used in Europe during the Middle Ages, roughly spanning from the 5th century to the 15th century. This period saw the construction of impressive cathedrals, castles, monasteries, and other structures characterized by features such as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Medieval architecture often incorporated intricate details such as stained glass windows, sculptures, and ornate carvings, reflecting the religious and cultural influences of the time. These buildings were constructed using techniques such as masonry, timber framing, and stone carving, showcasing the craftsmanship and innovation of medieval builders.