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Markup languages are systems of annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. These annotations provide instructions for how the text should be displayed, formatted, or processed. Markup languages use tags, which are special symbols or codes, to define the structure and presentation of the content. This allows for the separation of content from presentation, making it easier to create and manage documents across different platforms and devices. Common examples of markup languages include HTML, XML, and LaTeX.