Literary Naturalism
Literary Naturalism is a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a focus on the harsh realities of life and the deterministic forces that shape human existence. Writers associated with this movement often depict characters who are driven by their instincts and the environment in which they live, rather than by conscious choice. Themes such as poverty, violence, and social injustice are common in naturalist literature, as are depictions of the natural world as indifferent or even hostile to human aspirations. This style of writing often emphasizes the role of heredity and environment in shaping individuals, and tends to present a bleak view of human nature and society. Prominent naturalist writers include Emile Zola, Stephen Crane, and Frank Norris.