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"Hebrew Scriptures," also known as the "TaNaK," is a collection of Jewish religious texts, considered sacred and authoritative in Judaism. It consists of three parts: the Torah (also called the Pentateuch), the Nevi'im (Prophets), and the Ketuvim (Writings). These texts were written in Hebrew, with some portions in Aramaic. They are central to Jewish belief, practice, and culture, and have had a profound influence on Western civilization as a whole. The Hebrew Scriptures predate the Talmud and serve as its foundational text. The Talmud, a central work of Rabbinic Judaism, contains discussions and interpretations of the Hebrew Scriptures, as well as Jewish law and customs.