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Ancient Rome, a component of Italic Culture and European Culture as well as a descendant of Classical Antiquity, refers to the civilization that emerged in the Italian Peninsula during the Roman Kingdom, Republic, and Empire periods. This society is renowned for its political structure, social hierarchy, architectural marvels such as the Colosseum, aqueducts, and roads, as well as its significant impact on art, literature, law, politics, and warfare. The culture of Ancient Rome was characterized by its pursuit of virtues like pietas (dutifulness), dignitas (social standing), and gravitas (seriousness). Its language, Latin, remains influential in modern Western languages, while its legal and political systems have shaped contemporary governments. Moreover, the Roman Catholic Church, which traces its roots to this civilization, has left an indelible mark on religious practices worldwide. The culture of Ancient Rome was a fusion of Etruscan, Greek, and native Italian elements and constituted the foundation for Western European civilization's development.