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Expansion Cards refer to hardware components added to a computer system, usually by insertion into an expansion slot on the motherboard, to enhance its functionality. They can be categorized according to their primary purpose, such as sound and video cards that improve audio-visual performance, network interface cards (NICs) for internet connectivity, or storage controller cards for increased data transfer rates. These cards extend a computer's capabilities beyond its original design, enabling it to handle more demanding tasks or additional peripherals. By upgrading specific components through expansion cards, users can optimize their systems for specific needs without replacing the entire device, making them a cost-effective solution for performance enhancement in electronics and computers, including laptop computers.