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Biomarkers are quantifiable biological parameters that serve as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention. In the context of mutations, biomarkers can be used to identify specific genetic changes associated with diseases or conditions. They can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatments and to assess disease progression or regression. Biomarkers can take many forms, including molecular markers such as DNA, RNA, or protein levels, as well as imaging modalities that reveal structural or functional changes in tissues or organs. In the hierarchy of Science/Genetics/Mutation, biomarkers provide a critical link between the underlying genetic mutations and their clinical manifestations, enabling personalized medicine approaches that target specific patient populations based on their unique genetic profiles.