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Public finance refers to the study and management of revenue and expenditure within a public sector context, encompassing various governmental entities such as municipalities, state/provincial governments, and national governments. The primary focus is on ensuring fiscal sustainability while addressing societal needs through efficient allocation of resources. Public finance involves the collection of revenues through taxes, fees, fines, and other sources, as well as the distribution of funds for public goods and services such as infrastructure, education, healthcare, and social welfare programs. It also encompasses the evaluation of financial policies and regulations to promote economic growth and stability. Ultimately, public finance is concerned with striking a balance between generating sufficient revenue to fund public services and ensuring that these financial burdens are distributed fairly among citizens.